Structural and Solar Cell Properties of a Ag-Containing Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Film Derived from Spray Pyrolysis

A silver (Ag)-incorporated kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film was fabricated by a facile spray pyrolysis method. Crystallographic analyses indicated successful. incorporation,of various-amounts of Ag up to a Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratio of ca. 0.1 into the crystal lattice of CZTS in a homogeneous manner without formation of other impurity compounds. From the = results-,of morphological investigations,, Agincorporated films- had larger crystal grains than the CZTS film. The sample with a relatively low Ag content (Ag/(Ag + CO of ca:. 0.02) had a:= compact morphology Without: appreciable voids and pinholes. However, an increase In the Ag content in the CZTS film