期刊
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 10, 期 17, 页码 14509-14516出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02530
关键词
CaZnOS:Nd3+; mechanoluminescence; near infrared; tissue penetration; bioimaging; biomechanics
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51672085, 51673168]
- Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China [IRT_17R38]
- Key Program of Guangzhou Scientific Research Special Project [201607020009]
- National Key Research and Development Plan [2017YFF0104504, 2016YFA0100900]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Hundred, Thousand and Ten Thousand Leading Talent Project in Guangdong Program for Special Support of Eminent Professionals
- National Institutes of Health [CA200504, CA195607, EB021339]
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R21CA200504, R21CA195607] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING [R01EB021339] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Mechanoluminescent (ML) materials are mechano-optical converters that can emit light under an external mechanical stimulus. All the existing ML materials can only emit light from near ultraviolet to red, which is outside the near-infrared (NIR) windows desired for biomechanical imaging. No studies have been done on doping rare earth (RE) ions with photoluminescence (PL) in the NIR region into a compound to form a ML material that emits NIR light in response to an external force. Here, we show that doping RE ions with a NIR PL into an inorganic compound does not usually result in the formation of a NIR ML material, which can only be achieved in the combination of Nd3+ ions and a CaZnOS compound among the combinations we studied. The newly discovered NIR ML material (CaZnOS:Nd3+) is biocompatible and can efficiently convert mechanical stress into NIR light over the first and second tissue-penetrating bioimaging window. Its NIR ML emission appeared at a very low force threshold (even when the material was shaken slightly), increased sensitively and linearly with the increase in the force (up to >5 kN), and could penetrate the tissue as deep as >22 mm to enable biomechanical detection. Such a force-responsive behavior is highly reproducible. Hence, CaZnOS:Nd3+ is a new potential ultrasensitive biomechanical probe and expands the ML application horizons into in vivo bioimaging.
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