期刊
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
卷 825, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/825/1/33
关键词
planetary systems; planets and satellites: formation; planets and satellites: individual (Planet Nine); planets and satellites: physical evolution
资金
- NASA Outer Planets Program [NNX11AM37G]
- NASA [NNX11AM37G, 142369] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
We investigate the formation of icy super-Earth mass planets within a gravitationally unstable ring of solids orbiting at 250-750 AU around a 1 M-circle dot star. Coagulation calculations demonstrate that a system of a few large oligarchs and a swarm of pebbles generates a super-Earth within 100-200 Myr at 250 AU and within 1-2 Gyr at 750 AU. Systems with more than ten oligarchs fail to yield super-Earths over the age of the solar system. As these systems evolve, destructive collisions produce detectable debris disks with luminosities of 10(-5)-10(-3)relative to the central star.
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