期刊
ASIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
卷 3, 期 4, 页码 286-292出版社
ELSEVIER SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.08.006
关键词
Renal cell carcinoma; Metastasis; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Mammalian target of rapamycin; Hypoxia inducible factor
资金
- Pfizer
- Novartis
- Aveo
- Genentech
- Exelixis
- BMS
- Astellas
- GSK
Although multiple advances have been made in systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), metastatic RCC remains incurable. In the current review, we focus on the underlying biology of RCC and plausible mechanisms of metastasis. We further outline evolving strategies to combat metastasis through adjuvant therapy. Finally, we discuss clinical patterns of metastasis in RCC and how distinct systemic therapy approaches may be considered based on the anatomic location of metastasis. (C) 2016 Editorial Office of Asian Journal of Urology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
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