期刊
BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH
卷 110, 期 5, 页码 395-405出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1164
关键词
congenital microcephaly; head circumference; occipitofrontal circumference; Texas Birth Defects Registry; Zika virus; ZIKV
资金
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC-RFA-DD16-1605]
- Title V Maternal and Child Health Block Grant Funds from the Office of Title V and Family Health, Texas Department of State Health Services
- State of Texas
BackgroundThere are limited population-based studies on microcephaly. We characterized the epidemiology of microcephaly in Texas during a 5-year period (2008-2012), prior to the Zika epidemic in the Western hemisphere (2015). The associations of suspected risk factors were compared across four clearly defined case groups. MethodsData from the Texas Birth Defects Registry were used to calculate the prevalence of congenital microcephaly and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios using Poisson regression. Twelve maternal and infant factors were assessed across case groups, which included total (explained+unexplained), explained (e.g., syndromic), unexplained, and severe unexplained microcephaly (head circumference <3(rd) percentile). ResultsThe birth prevalence for total and total severe microcephaly were 14.7 and 4.8 per 10,000 livebirths, respectively. For explained and unexplained cases, significantly elevated risks were noted for mothers who were older (35+), less educated (12 years), diabetic (pre-pregnancy or gestational), or had a preterm delivery. Unlike explained cases, however, mothers who were non-White or smoked had an increased risk for unexplained microcephaly. Furthermore, young maternal age (<20), multiparity, and higher BMI reduced the risk for unexplained microcephaly. For severe unexplained cases, the risk profile was similar to that for all unexplained caseswith the exception of null associations noted for diabetes and birth year. ConclusionsWe found that risk patterns for microcephaly varied across case groupings. Risk factors included maternal race/ethnicity, age, and smoking during pregnancy. Among severe unexplained cases, notable positive associations were seen among mothers who were non-Hispanic Black or less educated, while inverse associations were noted for obesity.
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