Measuring problem solving skills via stealth assessment in an engaging video game

We used stealth assessment, embedded in a game called Use Your Brainz (a slightly modified version of Plants vs. Zombies 2), to measure middle-school students' problem solving skills. We began by developing a problem solving competency model based on a review of the relevant literature. We then identified in-game indicators that would provide evidence about students' levels on various problem-solving facets. Our problem solving Model was then implemented in the game via Bayesian networks. To validate the stealth assessment, we collected data from students who played the game-based assessment for three hours and completed two external problem solving measures (i.e., Raven's Progressive Matrices and 'MicroDYN). Results indicated that the problem solving estimates derived from the game significantly correlated with the external measures, which suggests that our stealth assessment is valid. Our next steps include running a larger validation study and developing tools to help educators interpret the results of the assessment, which will subsequently support the development of problem solving skills. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.