被撤回的出版物: Advanced Glycation End-Products Enhance Lung Cancer Cell Invasion and Migration (Retracted article. See vol. 18, 2017)

Effects of carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pentosidine, two advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), upon invasion and migration in A549 and Calu-6 cells, two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines were examined. CML or pentosidine at 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 mu mol/L were added into cells. Proliferation, invasion and migration were measured. CML or pentosidine at 4-16 mu mol/L promoted invasion and migration in both cell lines, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-beta 1. CML or pentosidine at 2-16 mu mol/L up-regulated the protein expression of AGE receptor, p47(phox), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and fibronectin in test NSCLC cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein expression in A549 and Calu-6 cells was increased by CML or pentosidine at 4-16 mu mol/L. These two AGEs at 2-16 mu mol/L enhanced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B) p65 protein expression and p38 phosphorylation in A549 cells. However, CML or pentosidine at 4-16 mu mol/L up-regulated NF-kappa B p65 and p-p38 protein expression in Calu-6 cells. These findings suggest that CML and pentosidine, by promoting the invasion, migration and production of associated factors, benefit NSCLC metastasis.