Characteristics of hydrochar and hydrothermal liquid products from hydrothermal carbonization of corncob

Corncob (CC) was converted to renewable fuel resource by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). HTC was performed by varying process temperature (160-200 degrees C), residence time (1-3 h), and biomass to water ratio (BTW) (1:5 to 1:15). The properties of hydrochar were significantly enhanced where the fixed carbon and carbon content of hydrochar increased at about 24.9 and 83.7% from original contents in CC, respectively. The calorific values and yield of hydrochar were between 19.3-23.5 MJ/kg and 50.1-58.6%. The optimal condition for the production of hydrochar as solid fuel was determined at 200 degrees C, 3 h residence time, and BTW of 1:5 with maximum energy yield of 68.74%. In addition, hydrothermal liquid was characterized where volatile fatty acid, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, and hydroxymethylfurfural were the most abundant compositions with their highest yields of 17.3, 11.5, 7.9, and 5.1%, respectively. Process temperature was the most influencing variable on product properties and characteristics. The results suggested that corncob has high potential as a source for solid fuel and valuable platform chemicals.