期刊
SCIENCE ADVANCES
卷 3, 期 9, 页码 -出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603187
关键词
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资金
- common program of Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) France
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany [ANR-15-CE11-0029-02]
- Frankfurt: Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes
- Max Planck Society
- Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (Institut de Biologie Structurale)-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (Forschungszentrum Julich)
- French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology [ANR-10-INSB-05-02]
- GRAL within the Grenoble Partnership for Structural Biology [ANR-10-LABX-49-01]
- ERA
- Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [323, RFMEFI58715X0011]
- Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [17-04828S]
- Ministerio Espanol de Economia y Competitividad [MEDIMAX BFPU2013-48007-P, VIREVO CGL2016-76273-P, CGL2015-71523-REDC]
- Generalitat Valenciana [AQUAMET PROMETEO II/2014/012]
Generation of an electrochemical proton gradient is the first step of cell bioenergetics. In prokaryotes, the gradient is created by outward membrane protein proton pumps. Inward plasma membrane native proton pumps are yet unknown. We describe comprehensive functional studies of the representatives of the yet noncharacterized xenorhodopsins from Nanohaloarchaea family of microbial rhodopsins. They are inward proton pumps as we demonstrate in model membrane systems, Escherichia coli cells, human embryonic kidney cells, neuroblastoma cells, and rat hippocampal neuronal cells. We also solved the structure of a xenorhodopsin from the nanohalosarchaeon Nanosalina (NsXeR) and suggest a mechanism of inward proton pumping. We demonstrate that the NsXeR is a powerful pump, which is able to elicit action potentials in rat hippocampal neuronal cells up to their maximal intrinsic firing frequency. Hence, inwardly directed proton pumps are suitable for light-induced remote control of neurons, and they are an alternative to the well-known cation-selective channelrhodopsins.
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