High-Efficiency Rubidium-Incorporated Perovskite Solar Cells by Gas Quenching

We apply gas quenching to fabricate rubidium (Rb) incorporated perovskite films for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells achieving 20% power conversion efficiency on a 65 mm(2) device. Both double-cation and triple-cation perovskites containing a combination of methylammonium, formamidinium, cesium, and Rb have been investigated. It is found that Rb is not fully embedded in the perovskite lattice. However, a small incorporation of Rb leads to an improvement in the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding devices for both double-cation and triple-cation perovskite systems.