期刊
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
卷 2, 期 7, 页码 1556-1563出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00315
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资金
- Solar Energy Research Institute for India
- U.S. (SERIIUS) - U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technology Program, with support from the Office of International Affairs) [DE AC36-08G028308]
- Government of India [IUSSTF/JCERDC-SERIIUS/2012]
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08G028308]
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory through the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
- Research Corporation for Science Advancement (RCSA) through the Scialog Collaborative Innovation [22355]
Due to the inherent challenges in probing nanoscale properties within bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layers of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, the relationship between morphology and nanoscale electronic structure is not well understood. Here, we employ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) dI/dV imaging and localized density of states (DOS) spectra to investigate the influence of additives on morphology in a high-performance OPV system. In short, we are able to correlate the use of diiodooctane (DIO) additive with significant changes to the distribution of the localized DOS, most notably a broader distribution of PCEIO polymer HOMO levels and PC7QBM fullerene LIJMO levels, as well as significantly smaller domain sizes and significantly higher overall device efficiencies. We further correlate this data with a nearly 3-fold increase in charge carrier lifetimes in the active layer when DIO is employed, determined by time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements. The results are consistent with the growing body of literature evidence that DIO promotes the formation of a polymer/fullerene mixed phase and therefore highlight the unique information that this combination of techniques can provide when investigating OPV active layer morphology.
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