Optical-reciprocity-induced symmetry in photonic heterostructures and its manifestation in scattering PT-symmetry breaking

The scattering matrix S obeys the symmetry property PT SPT = S-1 in a parity-time (PT) symmetric system and the unitary relation S+ S = 1 in the absence of gain and loss. Here we report a different symmetry relation of S in a one-dimensional heterostructure, which is given by the amplitude ratio of the incident waves in the scattering eigenstates. It originates from the optical reciprocity and holds independently of the presence of gain and loss in the system. Guided by this symmetry relation, we probe the remnant of the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a PT-symmetric S matrix, when the system does not have exact PT symmetry due to unbalanced gain and loss and even in the absence of gain. We show that the additional symmetry relation provides clear evidence of a quasitransition, even when all previously found signatures of the PT-symmetry breaking of S are completely erased.