期刊
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
卷 122, 期 12, 页码 9500-9517出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2017JC013293
关键词
sea spray; spume drops; air-sea gas exchange; spume generation function
类别
资金
- NSF [13-56541, 16-30846]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [1630846] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
After summarizing the time scales defining the change of the physical properties of spume and other droplets cast up from the sea surface, the time scales governing drop-atmosphere gas exchange are compared. Following a broad review of the spume drop production functions described in the literature, a subset of these functions is selected via objective criteria, to represent typical, upper bound, and lower bound production functions. Three complementary mechanisms driving spume-atmosphere gas exchange are described, and one is then used to estimate the relative importance, over a broad range of wind speeds, of this spume drop mechanism compared to the conventional, diffusional, sea surface mechanism in air-sea gas exchange. While remaining uncertainties in the wind dependence of the spume drop production flux, and in the immediate sea surface gas flux, preclude a definitive conclusion, the findings of this study strongly suggest that, at high wind speeds (>20 m s(-1) for dimethyl sulfide and >30 m s(-1) for gases such a carbon dioxide), spume drops do make a significant contribution to air-sea gas exchange.
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