期刊
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
卷 122, 期 4, 页码 961-972出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2016JF004071
关键词
ice sheet; flow stripe; longitudinal surface structures; outlet glaciers; structural glaciology
Longitudinal surface structures (LSSs) are prevalent upon the ice streams, ice shelves, and outlet glaciers of ice sheets. These features inform our understanding of past and present ice sheet behavior. However, consensus regarding their genesis has not been reached. Here we analyze 42,311 LSS segments mapped across Antarctica together with geophysical data to determine their morphological and glaciological properties. Most LSSs are spaced 450 to 1500m apart, a distance positively correlated with the width of the ice flow unit on which they occur. The start points (upstream end locations) of LSSs have diverse ice thicknesses and velocities. The majority of LSSs occur where ice flow is converging or broadly parallel, and they are prominent at ice confluences. Some occur at slow-flowing ice stream onsets. Occasionally, LSSs relate to sudden variations in basal shear stress due to basal perturbations. From these observations, we argue that LSSs are the consequence of increased strain which occurs during the lateral compression and longitudinal extension of ice: (i) converging/flowing into a channel (this scenario characterizes most LSSs), (ii) at the onset of ice streaming, (iii) at flow unit confluence, and (iv) as ice flows over and around a basal perturbation.
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