期刊
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
卷 122, 期 4, 页码 941-960出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2016JF003970
关键词
dry ravel; nonlocal transport; steep hillslopes; postwildfire debris flows; topographic roughness
资金
- Davidow Foundation
- Imperial College London Junior Research Fellowship
- Division Of Earth Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1339015] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Existing hillslope sediment transport models developed for low-relief, soil-mantled landscapes are poorly suited to explain the coupling between steep rocky hillslopes and headwater channels. Here we address this knowledge gap using a series of field and numerical experiments to inform a particle-based model of sediment transport by dry ravela mechanism of granular transport characteristic of steep hillslopes. We find that particle travel distance increases as a function of the ratio of particle diameter to fine-scale (<1m) topographic roughness, in agreement with prior laboratory and field experiments. Contrary to models that assume a fixed critical slope, the particle-based model predicts a broad transition as hillslopes steepen from grain-scale to hillslope-scale mean particle travel distances due to the trapping of sediment on slopes more than threefold steeper than the average friction slope. This transition is further broadened by higher macroscale (>1m) topographic variability associated with rocky landscapes. Applying a 2-D dry-ravel-routing model to lidar-derived surface topography, we show how spatial patterns of local and nonlocal transport control connectivity between hillslopes and steep headwater channels that generate debris flows through failure of ravel-filled channels following wildfire. Our results corroborate field observations of a patchy transition from soil-mantled to bedrock landscapes and suggest that there is a dynamic interplay between sediment storage, roughness, grain sorting, and transport even on hillslopes that well exceed the angle of repose.
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