期刊
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
卷 122, 期 20, 页码 10939-10965出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2017JD027008
关键词
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资金
- University of Wyoming Tier-1 Engineering Initiative (High-Performance Computational Science and Engineering Cluster) - State of Wyoming
- Special Scientific Research Fund of the Meteorological Public Welfare Profession of China [GYHY01406021]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC0402702]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41575095]
- U.S. DOE Office of Science project Multiscale Methods for Accurate, Efficient, and Scale-Aware Models of the Earth System [E-AC02-05CH11231]
- U.S. DOE Office of Science project An integrated Evaluation of the Simulated Hydroclimate System of the Continental U.S. [DE-SC0016605]
- Advanced Study Program at the NCAR
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
The reliability of climate simulations and projections, particularly in the regions with complex terrains, is greatly limited by the model resolution. In this study we evaluate the variable-resolution Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) with a high-resolution (0.125 degrees) refinement over the Rocky Mountain region. The VR-CESM results are compared with observations, as well as CESM simulation at a quasi-uniform 1 degrees resolution (UNIF) and Canadian Regional Climate Model version 5 (CRCM5) simulation at a 0.11 degrees resolution. We find that VR-CESM is effective at capturing the observed spatial patterns of temperature, precipitation, and snowpack in the Rocky Mountains with the performance comparable to CRCM5, while UNIF is unable to do so. VR-CESM and CRCM5 simulate better the seasonal variations of precipitation than UNIF, although VR-CESM still overestimates winter precipitation whereas CRCM5 and UNIF underestimate it. All simulations distribute more winter precipitation along the windward (west) flanks of mountain ridges with the greatest overestimation in VR-CESM. VR-CESM simulates much greater snow water equivalent peaks than CRCM5 and UNIF, although the peaks are still 10-40% less than observations. Moreover, the frequency of heavy precipitation events (daily precipitation >= 25 mm) in VR-CESM and CRCM5 is comparable to observations, whereas the same events in UNIF are an order of magnitude less frequent. In addition, VR-CESM captures the observed occurrence frequency and seasonal variation of rain-on-snow days and performs better than UNIF and CRCM5. These results demonstrate the VR-CESM's capability in regional climate modeling over the mountainous regions and its promising applications for climate change studies.
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