Preparation and characterization of sol-gel derived Ce4 + doped hydroxyapatite and its in vitro biological evaluations for orthopedic applications

For the first time, in the present investigation, we have attempted the refluxing based sol-gel technique to synthesize cerium (Ce-4 +) doped hydroxyapatite (Ce-HAP) with different concentrations such as 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25%. The Ce-HAP powders were evaluated for in vitro biological studies such as hemocompatibility, antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. These in vitro studies have demonstrated the prominent results such as compatible nature with human blood (<5% hemolytic ratio) and excellent pathogen inhibition efficiency towards Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) respectively. Among these, E. coli shows more susceptible towards 0.5-1.25% of Ce-HAP. In vitrcrbiocompatibility study was performed on the 125% of Ce-HAP using MG-63 cells at various concentrations of 200-1000 mu g/ml for 24-48 h. It was found that 1.25% of Ce-HAP powder was non-toxic up to the level of 600 mu g/ml concentrations towards MG-63 cells with regular cell attachment and proliferation. The Ce-HAP materials were further characterized by UV-vis DRS spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR, Powder-XRD, SEM-EDAX, TEM, ICPOES and XPS analysis. Therefore, this study proves that the developed Ce-4+ doped HAP can be widely used in orthopedic and dentistry field with improved biological properties. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.