期刊
RSC ADVANCES
卷 6, 期 98, 页码 95910-95919出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22802j
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资金
- Scientific User Facilities Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy Office of Science
- Danish National Research Foundation
- Danish Natural Science Research Council
- UT-Battelle , LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Department of Energy
Conventionally, the stretching of rubber is modeled exclusively by rotations of segments of the embedded polymer chains; i.e. changes in entropy. However models have not been tested on all relevant length scales due to a lack of appropriate probes. Here we present a universal X-ray based method for providing data on the structure of rubbers in the 2-50 angstrom range. First results relate to the elongation of a silicone rubber. We identify several non-entropic contributions to the free energy and describe the associated structural changes. By far the largest contribution comes from structural changes within the individual monomers, but among the contributions is also an elastic strain, acting between chains, which is 3-4 orders of magnitude smaller than the macroscopic strain, and of the opposite sign, i.e. extension of polymer chains in the direction perpendicular to the stretch. This may be due to trapped entanglements relaxing to positions close to the covalent crosslinks.
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