A coordinated framework for optimized charging of EV fleet in smart grid

Electric vehicles can be sustainable alternative in contrast to conventional fossil fuel powered vehicles only if the green energy is used to power them. Without coordination among electric vehicles and grid operator, it can imbalance the power production and demand. This paper presents an automated coordinated mechanism among EV fleet and the grid operator that plans a charging strategy for electric vehicles while sustaining the grid capacity constraints. The intelligent planner plans the charging strategy at the cheaper moments and keep the vehicle charged enough to complete its scheduled trips It suggests a charging pattern for the electric vehicle by using the time dependent electric prices and available power at the given time slots. It also ensures the cheapest charging cost and fulfills the constraints of battery state of the charge. A central power tracker is also introduced which keeps track of the available and required power at each time slot. According to the current market share of the electric vehicles, a fraction of the daily agendas, created by an operational activity-based model, is used to test the framework. Moreover, an experiment has been set up, it makes use of wind and solar renewable energy to power the vehicles. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.