Advancements in nanoparticle fabrication by hazard free eco-friendly green routes

Nature has an abundant wellspring of unrefined concentrates from the masses of various flora and fauna such as earthly and marine plants, aquatic living beings, microbes and so forth, having diverse compositions of synthetic complexes which can be used as harmless reducing and capping agents instead of hazardous chemicals during the synthesis processes. An actually persuaded investigational hone for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is presently settled as a rising zone of nanoscience examination and improvement. Nanoparticles have recognized significant reputation compared to bulk counterparts due to their unique properties. An array of physical, chemical, biological and hybrid methods have been exploited successfully in the synthesis of several inorganic nanoparticles yet they stay costly and require the usage of hazardous chemicals. As a consequence, our environment is undergoing great damage and a big measure of unwanted substances is set out. Today it is our need to discover about the enigmas that are present in the nature for alternative environmentally friendly and sustainable techniques involving fewer toxic reagents. This review focuses on providing a brief but concise overview and current status of the latest methodologies developed to this end and outlining the techniques tangled in the various processes involved. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.