期刊
EXPLORATIONS IN ECONOMIC HISTORY
卷 62, 期 -, 页码 51-86出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2016.03.002
关键词
Urban economic history; Pollution; Crime; Lead
资金
- NSF-IGERT Multidisciplinary Program in Inequality & Social Policy at Harvard University [0333403]
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health & Society Scholars program
- Direct For Education and Human Resources
- Division Of Graduate Education [0333403] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
In the second half of the nineteenth century, many American cities built water systems using lead or iron service pipes. Municipal water systems generated significant public health improvements, but these improvements may have been partially offset by the damaging effects of lead exposure through lead water pipes. We study the effect of cities' use of lead pipes on homicide between 1921 and 1936. Lead water pipes exposed entire city populations to much higher doses of lead than have previously been studied in relation to crime. Our estimates suggest that cities' use of lead service pipes considerably increased city-level homicide rates. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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