Fullerene-Based Materials for Photovoltaic Applications: Toward Efficient, Hysteresis-Free, and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells are promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaics. Fullerenes and their derivatives can act as efficient electron transport layers, interfacial modification layers, and trap state passivators in perovskite solar cells, all of which play an important role in increasing efficiency, reducing current hysteresis, and enhancing device stability. Herein, recent progress in the use of fullerenes and their derivatives in perovskite solar cells is reviewed, with a particular emphasis on fullerene chemical structures that affect device performance. Potential fullerene candidates that could further improve device performance and stability are also discussed.