Leachate and Surface Water Characterization and Heavy Metal Health Risk on Cockles in Kuala Selangor

Characterization of physicochemical parameters including concentration of heavy metals in landfill leachate, surface water and cockles (Anadara granosa) were analyzed in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. The effects of location and seasonal variation of surface water and cockles were determined. In addition, the target hazard quotients (THQ) were calculated to determine the potential health risk. Heavy metals concentrations were analyzed by ICP-MS and the result were compared with the national permissible limit. There was a little variation in heavy metal concentration between location and season for surface water and cockles samples. THQ value was found lower for all heavy metal and shows no potential risk. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.