Protection by Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction and its constituent herbs of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury

Sepsis, characterized by systemic inflammation, often leads to end-organ dysfunction, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite of the severity and frequency of septic AKI in clinic, its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Combined with histopathology evaluations, mortality assessments, biochemical evaluations, reverse transcription (RT) reaction and quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot, H-1 NMR-based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decotion (HLJDD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, and its four component herbs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic AKI and the underlying mechanism. LPS induced kidney dysfunction via activation of NF-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), by excessive production of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and COX-2, producing perturbance in energy metabolism and oxidative stress. HLJDD and its component herbs could effectively inhibit LPS-induced AKI in mice by inhibiting NF-kappa B and MAPK activation and activating the Akt/HO-1 pathway, and by markedly ameliorating disturbances in oxidative stress and energy metabolism induced by LPS. The four-component herbs could complement each other.