期刊
SUSTAINABILITY
卷 9, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su9060954
关键词
property rights; telecoupling; agribusiness; Brazil; China
资金
- Complex Dynamics of Telecoupled Human and Natural Systems project (NSF) [1518518]
- Belmont Forum Collaborative Research: Food Security and Land Use: The Telecoupling Challenge (NSF) [1531086]
- FAPESP [2014/50628-9, 2015/25892-7]
- ICER
- Directorate For Geosciences [1531086] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
China currently has the largest population in the world and is currently experiencing rapid economic and urban growth, becoming the world's number one pork and poultry consumer. In order to meet this growing demand for meat, China has increased its demand for soybeans to produce chicken and pork. It has imported soybeans from the United States, Brazil, and Argentina, while keeping its soybean production for direct human consumption stable at home. Brazil has become the largest soybean exporter to China, and, in response specifically to Chinese demand, has become the second largest producer of soybeans in the world. This has changed land use in Brazil, particularly in its central plateau. In this paper, we indicate how these two countries, telecoupled by trade in soybeans, are depending on each other as they try to balance environmental and economic objectives. Brazil, as a sending system, has created pressures on its natural ecosystems, which have led to losses particularly in the Cerrado biome and its ecotones in the Amazon's tropical moist forest biome. China, as a receiving system, has created a land asset important to regenerating its lost natural systems (e.g., forest cover areas). Both countries have different property rights regimes, which have created distinct circumstances in which they are to protect or regenerate their natural ecosystems. Throughout this paper, we analyze how both countries have dealt with the lure offered by the soybean commodity trade.
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