期刊
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
卷 579, 期 -, 页码 111-127出版社
INTER-RESEARCH
DOI: 10.3354/meps12253
关键词
Harmful algal bloom; Dinoflagellates; Scoters; Common murres; Beached birds; Citizen science
资金
- NSF EHR/DRL [1114734, 1322820]
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife award [13-1435]
- Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) by the ECOHAB PNWTOX program [892, NA09NOS4780180]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) (PNWTOX Study) [OCE-0942675]
- MERHAB Pacific Northwest Studies program [208, NA16N054780189]
- Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom program [House Bill 1620]
- Division Of Research On Learning
- Direct For Education and Human Resources [1322820, 1114734] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are dense concentrations of phytoplankton that can have deleterious effects on marine life. We documented two of the largest marine bird mortality events ever definitively ascribed to a single HAB, the cause of which was death resulting from plumage fouling by surfactant-like proteins produced by the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea. The two mortality events were observed along the coast of Washington State in September and October 2009, collectively representing an estimated deposition of 10 500 carcasses, of which the majority were surf scoters, white-winged scoters and common murres. Each mortality event was coincident in space and time with observed bloom landfall, with each event preceded by a similar chain of environmental conditions. Prior to each event, the presence of A. sanguinea and upwelling-favourable conditions likely led to bloom proliferation. In both cases, this period was followed by conditions that transported the senescent bloom into the nearshore environment, whereupon subsequent wave action lysed A. sanguinea cells, creating foam that contained surfactant- like compounds. This sequence of conditions, exacerbated by the presence of aggregations of marine birds in wing moult, appear to be the necessary requirements for marine bird mortality of this scale due to foam-induced plumage fouling. This mechanism of HAB-induced mortality may become more prevalent in the California Current System given the apparent increasing occurrence of HABs and the broad environmental tolerances exhibited by A. sanguinea.
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