期刊
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 9, 期 1, 页码 3-16出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12301
关键词
4D ultrafast electron microscopy; surface dynamics; energy loss mechanism; atomic resolution; electron impact dynamics; charge carrier dynamics
资金
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation
Four-dimensional ultrafast electron microscopy (4D-UEM) is a novel analytical technique that aims to fulfill the long-held dream of researchers to investigate materials at extremely Short spatial and temporal resolutions by integrating the excellent spatial resolution of electron microscopes with the temporal resolution of ultrafast femtosecond laser-based spectroscopy. The ingenious use of pulsed photoelectrons to probe surfaces and volumes of materials enables time-resolved snapshots of the dynamics to be captured in a way hitherto impossible by other conventional techniques. The flexibility of 4D-UEM lies in the fact that it can be used in both the scanning (S-UEM) and transmission (UEM) modes depending upon the type of electron microscope involved. While UEM can be employed to monitor elementary structural changes and phase transitions in samples using real-space mapping, diffraction, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and tomography, S-UEM is well suited to map ultrafast dynamical events, on materials surfaces in space and time. This review provides an overview of the:unique features that distinguish these techniques, and also illustrates the applications of both S-UEM and UEM to, a multitude of problems relevant to materials science and chemistry.
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