Two-Factor Authentication System Using P300 Response to a Sequence of Human Photographs

This paper proposes a two-factor authentication system that utilizes the knowledge factor: the knowledge of client's acquaintances as the key and inherence factor: P300 ERP responses to the visual stimuli as the medium. The system works by presenting a sequence of human photographs consisting of random people photographs mixed with a few of client's acquaintances photographs that trigger P300 responses. The system then verifies the client by considering the correctness of P300 responses to the client's acquaintances photographs. The proposed system achieves an error rate of nearly zero outperforming other brain-signal-based systems and has advantages over other conventional systems in the situations where the key is exposed to the imposer.