期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
卷 95, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.95.024008
关键词
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资金
- Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7) StG-EDECS [279954]
- ERC [339169]
Numerical studies of gravitational collapse to black holes make use of apparent horizons, which are intrinsically foliation dependent. We expose the problem and discuss possible solutions using the Hawking-Hayward quasilocal mass. In spherical symmetry, we present a physically sensible approach to the problem by restricting to spherically symmetric spacetime slicings. In spherical symmetry, the apparent horizons enjoy a restricted gauge independence in any spherically symmetric foliation, but physical quantities associated with them, such as surface gravity and temperature, are fully gauge dependent. The widely used comoving and Kodama foliations, which are of particular interest, are discussed in detail as examples.
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