期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
卷 52, 期 3, 页码 300-310出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.042
关键词
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资金
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [R01HL104580, R01HL114091]
- CPC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (NIH) [P2C HD050924]
- CPC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [T32 HD007168]
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina (National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) [P30DK56350]
- University of North Carolina Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) [P30ES010126]
Introduction: Understanding what influences where food outlets locate is important for mitigating disparities in access to healthy food outlets. However, few studies have examined how neighborhood characteristics influence the neighborhood food environment over time, and whether these relationships differ by neighborhood-level income. Methods: Neighborhood-level data from four U.S. cities (Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; Oakland, CA) from 1986, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 were used with two-step econometric models to estimate longitudinal associations between neighborhood-level characteristics (z-scores) and the log -transformed count/km(2) (density) of food outlets within real estate derived neighborhoods. Associations were examined with lagged neighborhood-level socio-demographics and lagged density of food outlets, with interaction terms for neighborhood-level income. Data were analyzed in 2016. Results: Neighborhood-level income at earlier years was negatively associated with the current density of convenience stores (beta= -0.27, 95% CI= -0.16, -0.38, p<0.001). The percentage of neighborhood white population was negatively associated with fast food restaurant density in lowincome neighborhoods (10th percentile of income: (beta= -0.17, 95% CI= -0.34, -0.002, p=0.05), and the density of smaller grocery stores across all income levels (beta= -0.27, 95% CI= -0.45, -0.09, p=0.003). There was a lack of policy -relevant associations between the pre-existing food environment and the current density of food outlet types, including supermarkets. Conclusions: Socioeconomically disadvantaged and minority populations may attract unhealthy food outlets over time. To support equal access to healthy food outlets, the availability of less healthy food outlets types may be relatively more important than the potential lack of supermarkets or full-service restaurants. (C) 2016 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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