期刊
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
卷 95, 期 1, 页码 23-30出版社
CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0149
关键词
emergence cues; Eastern Box Turtle; growing degree-days; dormancy ecology; individual variation; temperature; Terrapene carolina
类别
资金
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506]
- Outdoors Ministry Program of the Trinity Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church (USA)
Many organisms spend considerable time in dormancy to avoid stressful environmental conditions. Understanding the timing and triggers of dormancy behavior is critical for understanding an animal's life history and behavior. Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina (L., 1758)) avoid winter temperatures by burrowing into the soil and remaining dormant. Identifying the proximate environmental cues that trigger emergence can improve conservation efforts by reducing potential aboveground turtle mortality. During a 17-year study, half of all variation in emergence timing was attributed to individual variation and the habitat that they occupied during dormancy. We suggest that individual variation in emergence timing is common within populations and confounds efforts to identify reliable emergence cues. Additionally, the scale of meteorological data limits the ability to identify emergence predictors. Using data from temperature loggers placed at dormancy locations, we found that surface air temperatures, averaged over the 5 days prior to emergence, were more strongly related to emergence probability than any variables derived from local weather stations. Turtles generally did not emerge from dormancy until the 5-day mean surface temperatures measured at dormancy sites reached approximately 15 degrees C. Our results suggest that individuals respond differently to environmental thresholds for emergence and individuals may be characterized as risk-taking or risk-aversive.
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