Senescence in the lesional fibroblasts of non-segmental vitiligo patients

Dermal fibroblasts secrete various growth factors which are important for skin pigmentation. Imbalance in the synchronization of epidermal and dermal cells in the skin can play vital role in the pathogenesis of pigmentary disorder vitiligo. Therefore, our objective was to check the lesional fibroblasts for any abnormality and senescence in non-segmental vitiligo patients (NSV). Skin punch biopsies were taken from NSV patients and healthy controls. Explant culture of fibroblast from lesional dermis, non-lesional dermis, and control was analyzed. The senescence was confirmed by beta-galactosidase staining in the cultured fibroblasts. Senescence was checked at mRNA level in lesional dermis, non-lesional dermis of NSV patients by senescence markers p16, p21, and hp1 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence study was used for protein analysis. Morphological results showed number of fibroblasts with bigger perinuclear region and vacuoles were more in the lesional fibroblasts. Number of beta-galactosidase positive fibroblasts in the lesional skin of NSV patients was higher as compared to the non-lesional and control fibroblasts. Results showed higher relative gene expression of senescence markers p16, p21, and hp1 in the lesional dermis of NSV patients at mRNA level and protein level as compared with control. Senescence in the dermal fibroblasts can decrease the secretion of growth factors and cytokines secreted by fibroblasts which may lead to the melanocyte death and progression of vitiligo. However, further studies on larger number of patients are needed to confirm the role of fibroblasts in the vitiligo pathogenesis.