期刊
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
卷 5, 期 8, 页码 6682-6691出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00920
关键词
Salt templating; Pyrolysis; Wheat straw; Supercapacitor material; Melamine; One-pot; Silicon
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21677138]
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University PCSIRT
- Key Special Program on the S&T for the Pollution Control, and Treatment of Water Bodies [2012ZX07103-001]
For safe disposal and environmentally benign recycling, lignocellulosic biomass wastes are increasingly studied for use as precursors for the preparation of value-added porous carbon materials. However, conventional chemical vapor deposition is time consuming and difficult to perform on a large scale. Herein, we obtained nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials (NPCMs) with high supercapacitor performance by one-pot copyrolysis of a carbon precursor (wheat straw), nitrogen precursor (melamine), and salt templating (mixed salt of KCl/ZnCl2 at 51:49). The NPCM with 7.78% nitrogen content exhibited an excellent gravimetric capacitance of 223.9 F g(-1), which is mainly attributed to the increase in surface area by the activation of salt templating and the decrease in ion-transport resistance by N doping of the NPCM. The removal of silicon in pyrolysis products efficiently enhanced the capacitance of materials, but there was a negative effect on capacitance if the silicon was removed from feedstocks before pyrolysis. The post-removal of the silicon greatly increased the cycle stability of NPCMs and maintained 91.4% of capacitance after 10,000 CV tests. BET and XPS analyses indicate that the silicon can improve the pore structure and facilitate the formation of reactive nitrogen species (N-5 and N-6) by hard template and catalysis functions during pyrolysis, which is mainly responsible for the high performance of as-prepared NPCM. This study provides a facile method for synthesizing biomass-based NPCMs, especially to utilize biomass waste that contains high silicon content.
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