期刊
RELIGION BRAIN & BEHAVIOR
卷 7, 期 1, 页码 27-42出版社
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/2153599X.2016.1141792
关键词
Action perception; action precaution system; causal opacity; goal demotion; religion; ritual; ritual cognition
类别
资金
- Australian Research Council [DP140101410]
Rituals tend to be both causally opaque and goal demoted, yet these two qualities are rarely dissociated in the literature. Here we manipulate both factors and demonstrate their unique influence on ritual cognition. In a 2x3 (action type x goal information) between subjects design 484 US adults viewed causally opaque (ritual) or causally transparent (ordinary) actions performed on identical objects. They were provided with no goal information, positive goal information (Blessing) or negative goal information (Cursing). Neither causal opacity nor goal information influenced perceptions of physical change/causation. In contrast, causal opacity increased attributions of specialness, whereas goal information did not. Finally, goal information interacted with action type on measures of preference, such that ordinary actions are influenced by both blessings and curses, but ritual actions are only influenced by curses. These findings are interpreted in light of the Ritual Stance, and the cognitive bases of the effects are described with reference to Boyer and Lienard's hazard-precaution theory of ritualized behavior. The combined value of these two theories is discussed, and extended to a causal model of developmental ritual calibration.
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