期刊
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY
卷 20, 期 6, 页码 876-897出版社
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2017.1293129
关键词
Participation; digital divide; focus groups; participatory culture; social media
资金
- 'DIVSI - Deutsches Institut fur Vertrauen und Sicherheit im Internet' under a Project Grant for online participation ('Beteiligung im Internet')
- Norges Forskningsrad [247725]
Studies on the 'second-level digital divide' explore the socioeconomic antecedents and effects of (a lack of) user participation on the Internet. At the same time, some have criticized a normatively affirmative bias in online participation research as well as a one-sided focus on observable user activity. This contribution addresses the ensuing call for a more nuanced understanding of online participation in general, and online political participation in particular. We differentiate the online participation concept based on a focus group study among 96 Internet users from a broad range of social backgrounds in Germany. We derive a framework of eight types of online (non) participation along three conceptual axes: activity, agency, and social valence. Taking user experiences and terminology into account, we differentiate participation from non-participation, active from passive and positive from negative (non-)participation. The proposed typology allows for a more balanced evaluation and more focused exploration of phenomena such as destructive or involuntary online participation as well as online abstention, boycotts, self-censorship, lurking, or digital exclusion.
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