Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS)

Objective: The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) into Turkish and to assess its reliability and validity. Methods: The Turkish version of the OMAS (OMAS-Tr) was developed after the translation and back-translation, which included the stages recommended by Beaton. The OMAS-Tr was administered to one hundred patients (49 females, 51 males; average age: 42.3 +/- 17.7; range 16-81 years) with malleolar fractures. The OMAS-Tr was completed twice by each participant at 7-to 10-days intervals to assess testretest reliability based on the interrater correlation coefficient, whereas Cronbach's alpha evaluated internal consistency. The external validity was evaluated with correlations between the Turkish version of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and the Turkish version of the SF-12 questionnaire. The distribution of floor and ceiling effects was also analyzed. Results: The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84) and the test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.98) were excellent. The mean interval between the two tests was 8.6 +/- 1.4 days. The mean and standard deviation of the first and second assessments of the OMAS-Tr were 74.1 +/- 23.7 and 75.7 +/- 23.9, respectively. There was a strong correlation between the OMAS-Tr and the FAAM subscales on activities of daily living and sports (r = 0.86, r = 0.83; p < 0.001, respectively). The OMAS-Tr displayed very good to good correlation with the SF-12 physical component score and the SF-12 mental component score (r = 0.72, r = 0.60, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: OMAS-Tr was a valid and reliable tool to assess ankle fracture-related problems. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to assess its responsiveness. Level of evidence: Level III, diagnostic study. (C) 2016 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Publishing services by Elsevier B. V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.