Sharpening the VNIR and SWIR Bands of Sentinel-2A Imagery through Modified Selected and Synthesized Band Schemes

In this work, the bands of a Sentinel-2A image with spatial resolutions of 20 m and 60 m are sharpened to a spatial resolution of 10 m to obtain visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral bands with a spatial resolution of 10 m. In particular, we propose a two-step sharpening algorithm for Sentinel-2A imagery based on modified, selected, and synthesized band schemes using layer-stacked bands to sharpen Sentinel-2A images. The modified selected and synthesized band schemes proposed in this study extend the existing band schemes for sharpening Sentinel-2A images with spatial resolutions of 20 m and 60 m to improve the pan-sharpening accuracy by changing the combinations of bands used for multiple linear regression analysis through band-layer stacking. The proposed algorithms are applied to the pan-sharpening algorithm based on component substitution (CS) and a multiresolution analysis (MRA), and our results are then compared to the sharpening results when using sharpening algorithms based on existing band schemes. The experimental results show that the sharpening results from the proposed algorithm are improved in terms of the spatial and spectral properties when compared to existing methods. However, the results of the sharpening algorithm when applied to our modified band schemes show differing tendencies. With the modified, selected band scheme, the sharpening result when applying the CS-based algorithm is higher than the result when applying the MRA-based algorithm. However, the quality of the sharpening results when using the MRA-based algorithm with the modified synthesized band scheme is higher than that when using the CS-based algorithm.