期刊
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
卷 203, 期 -, 页码 807-819出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.10.074
关键词
Bio-nanoparticles; Coking; Heavy oil; Upgrading; Viscosity
资金
- Commonwealth scholarship of the United Kingdom
- EPSRC [EP/J008303/1]
- NERC [NE/L014076/1]
- Science Cities Advanced Materials Project 1: Creating and Characterising Next Generation of Advanced Materials
- AWM
- ERDF
- EPSRC [EP/J008303/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- NERC [NE/L014076/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/J008303/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/L014076/1] Funding Source: researchfish
With the continuous depletion of global oil reserves, unconventional alternative oil resources like heavy oil and bitumen have become increasingly attractive. This study investigates the use of bimetallic bio-nanoparticles (bio-NPs), a potential alternative to commercial catalysts in heavy oil upgrading. The bio-NPs were made by sequential reduction of precious metal (Pd and Pt) ions with hydrogen as the electron donor at 5 wt% and 20 wt% metal loading using bacterial (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Bacillus benzeovorans) cells as support. The bio-NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results of the catalytic upgrading of a feed heavy oil show that the bimetallic bio-NPs produced an increment of similar to 2 degrees in API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity (i.e. similar to 9.1 degrees) better than monometallic bio-NPs (similar to 7.6 degrees) on average while the API gravity using thermal upgrading was lower (6.3 degrees). The API gravity of a commercial Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst was 11.1 degrees. However, more coking was produced using the commercial catalyst than with the bio-NPs. The extent of viscosity reduction was: 98.7% (thermal), 99.2% (bio-NPs) and 99.6% (Ni-Mo/Al2O3) below 1031 mPa s for the feed heavy oil reference (baseline). The potential advantage of using bio-NPs is that the precious metals can be sourced cheaply from waste streams, which could serve as a potential platform for the green synthesis of catalytically active materials using bacteria for in-situ catalytic upgrading of heavy oils. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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