Stochastic convergence in per capita fossil fuel consumption in US states

This study examines the stochastic convergence of per capita fossil fuel consumption across U.S. states (including the District of Columbia) utilizing LM and RALS-LM unit root tests with allowance for endogenously determined structural breaks. Our results indicate that with the exception of Nevada, the evidence from two-break and one break LM and RALS-LM unit root tests rejects the null hypothesis of a unit root in the relative per capita fossil fuel consumption in the U.S. This finding indicates the presence of stochastic convergence in relative per capita fossil fuel consumption in the U.S. states. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.