期刊
ACS NANO
卷 11, 期 3, 页码 2652-2664出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07313
关键词
silver nanowires; alveolar epithelial cells; macrophages; silver sulfidation; surfactant protein D; bronchial hyperresponsiveness
类别
资金
- U.S. National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences [U19ES019536]
- U.K. National Environmental Research Council [NE/H012893]
- European Research Council [257182]
- Elsie Widdowson Research Fellowship
- NERC [NE/H012893/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H012893/1] Funding Source: researchfish
There is a potential for silver nanowires (AgNWs) to be inhaled, but there is little information on their health effects and their chemical transformation inside the lungs in vivo. We studied the effects of short (S-AgNWs; 1.5 mu m) and long (L-AgNWs; 10 mu m) nanowires instilled into the lungs of Sprague Dawley rats. S- and L-AgNWs were phagocytosed and degraded by macrophages; there was no frustrated phagocytosis. Interestingly, both AgNWs were internalized in alveolar epithelial cells, with precipitation of AO on their surface as secondary AgZS nanoparticles. Quantitative serial block face three-dimensional scanning electron microscopy showed a small, but significant, reduction of NW lengths inside alveolar epithelial cells. AgNWs were also present in the lung subpleural space where L-AgNWs exposure resulted in more Ag+ve macrophages situated within the pleura and subpleural alveoli, compared with the S-AgNWs exposure. For both AgNWs, there was lung inflammation at day 1, disappearing by day 21, but in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), L-AgNWs caused a delayed neutrophilic and macrophagic inflammation, while S-AgNWs caused only acute transient neutrophilia. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) levels in BALF increased after S- and L-AgNWs exposure at day 7. L-AgNWs induced MIP1 alpha and S-AgNWs induced IL-18 at day 1. Large airway bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine increased following L-AgNWs, but not S-AgNWs, exposure. The attenuated response to AgNW instillation may be due to silver inactivation after precipitation of AO with limited dissolution. Our findings have important consequences for the safety of silver-based technologies to human health.
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