Bacteria associated with marginal zone lymphomas

In the last decades some bacteria have been associated with a various extent with marginal zone (extra nodal, nodal and splenic types) lymphomas are frequently associated with chronic infections, with important clinical, molecular, biological, and therapeutic implications. The well-known correlation between Helicobacter pylori and gastric MALT lymphoma, the recently reported links between Chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal MALT -lymphoma and Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous MALT lymphoma constitute the most studied examples; in addition, Campylobacter jejuni and some more recent associations encompassing Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Haemophilus influenzae will be further reported. Biological and clinical features, therapeutic implications and future perspectives of these lymphoma microbial associations are discussed in this review. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.