期刊
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 9, 期 15, 页码 13304-13314出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01735
关键词
iridium(III) complex; theranostic; phosphorescent emission; mitophagy; mitochondria
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21231007, 21572282, 21571196]
- 973 program [2014CB845604, 2015CB856301]
- Guangdong Natural Science Foundation [2015A030306023]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes are expected to be new multifunctional theranostic platforms that enable the integration of imaging capabilities and anticancer properties. Mitophagy is an important selective autophagic process that degrades dysfunctional mitochondria. Until now, the regulation of mitophagy is still poorly understood. Herein, we present two phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes (Ir1 and Ir2) that can accumulate in mitochondria and induce mitophagy. Because of their intrinsic phosphorescence, they can specially image mitochondria and track mitochondrial morphological alterations. Mechanism studies show that Ir1 and Ir2 induce mitophagy by depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, depletion of cellular ATP, perturbation in mitochondrial metabolic status, and induction of oxidative stress. Moreover, no sign of apoptosis is observed in Ir1- and Ir2-treated cells under the same conditions that an obvious mitophagic response is initiated. We demonstrate that Ir1 is a promising theranostic agent that can induce mitophagy and visualize changes in mitochondria' morphology simultaneously.
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