期刊
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
卷 7, 期 10, 页码 3281-3294出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300187
关键词
sex chromosomes; evolution; Lepidoptera; genomics; chromosomal fusion
资金
- NSF [DEB 1457758]
- Czech Science Foundation [14-35819P, 14-22765S]
- Fulbright program
- Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia [159/2016/P]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1457758] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
We report the discovery of a neo-sex chromosome in the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, and several of its close relatives. Z-linked scaffolds in the D. plexippus genome assembly were identified via sex-specific differences in Illumina sequencing coverage. Additionally, a majority of the D. plexippus genome assembly was assigned to chromosomes based on counts of one-to-one orthologs relative to the butterfly Melitaea cinxia (with replication using two other lepidopteran species), in which genome scaffolds have been mapped to linkage groups. Sequencing coverage-based assessments of Z linkage combined with homology-based chromosomal assignments provided strong evidence for a Z-autosome fusion in the Danaus lineage, involving the autosome homologous to chromosome 21 in M. cinxia. Coverage analysis also identified three notable assembly errors resulting in chimeric Z-autosome scaffolds. Cytogenetic analysis further revealed a large W chromosome that is partially euchromatic, consistent with being a neo-W chromosome. The discovery of a neo-Z and the provisional assignment of chromosome linkage for >90% of D. plexippus genes lays the foundation for novel insights concerning sex chromosome evolution in this female-heterogametic model species for functional and evolutionary genomics.
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