4.5 Article

Islands, mainland, and terrestrial fragments: How isolation shapes plant diversity

期刊

ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
卷 7, 期 17, 页码 6904-6917

出版社

WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3150

关键词

amount of habitat area; biodiversity; dispersal; functional connectivity; graph theory; habitat fragmentation; isolation; matrix permeability; species-area relationships; urbanization

资金

  1. European ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme [GREAT-med grant 39/2377]
  2. European Union
  3. French government [ANR-11-LABX-0061]
  4. A*MIDEX project [ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The fragmentation of natural habitats is a major threat for biodiversity. However, the impact and spatial scale of natural isolation mechanisms leading to species loss, compared to anthropogenic fragmentation, are not clear, mainly due to differences between fragments and islands, such as matrix permeability. We studied a 500km(2) Mediterranean region in France, including urban habitat fragments, continuous habitat, and continental-shelf islands. On the basis of 295 floristic releves, we built species-area relationships to compare isolation in fragments after urbanization, with continuous habitat and continental-shelf islands. We assumed either no dispersal, infinite dispersal, or estimated intermediate levels of habitat reachability through graph theory. Isolation mechanisms occurred in fragments but with a lower strength than in near-shore islands, and most importantly affected perennial plants. Annual plants were less affected, probably due to their smaller size and shorter life cycle. Isolation occurred at landscape level in fragments and at patch level in islands. The amount of reachable habitat (accounting for spatial configuration) explained local species richness in both systems, but the amount of habitat (no consideration of spatial configuration) was already a good predictor. These results suggest an important role of habitat amount around fragments in mitigating the isolation effects observed in near-shore islands, and the importance of carefully considering different functional groups.

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