Synthesis and application of a molecularly imprinted polymer in the solid-phase extraction of ketoprofen from wastewater

Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely consumed by humans as it possesses analgesic activities. A selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for ketoprofen was synthesized and applied as a solid-phase extraction sorbent. MIP was synthesized using 2-vinylpyridine, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile), toluene/acetonitrile (9:1, v/v), and ketoprofen as a functional monomer, cross-linker, initiator, porogenic mixture, and template, respectively. The polymerization was performed at 60 degrees C for 16 h, and thereafter the temperature was increased to 80 degrees C for 24 h to achieve a solid monolith polymer. Nonimprinted polymer was synthesized in a similar manner with the omission of ketoprofen. Characterization with thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction showed that the synthesized polymers were thermally stable and amorphous. Solid-phase extraction cartridges packed with MIP were used with high-performance liquid chromatography for quantitative analysis of ketoprofen in wastewater. The analytical method gave detection limits of 0.23, 0.17, and 0.09 mu g/L in wastewater influent, effluent, and deionized water, respectively. The recovery for the wastewater influent and effluent spiked with 5 a of ketoprofen was 68%, whereas 114% was obtained for deionized water. The concentrations of ketoprofen in the influent and effluent samples were in the ranges of 22.5-34.0 and 1.14-5.33 mu g/L, respectively. Overall, the analytical method for the analysis of ketoprofen in wastewater was rapid, affordable, accurate, precise, sensitive, and selective. (C) 2016 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.