Behavior of nanocelluloses at interfaces

Despite being non-surface active, nanocelluloses position efficiently at interfaces, already at very low concentration. This behavior has lately triggered a strong interest in the cellulose and colloids communities. This review reports the recent developments on the use of nanocelluloses at interfaces and highlights the fundamental principles governing the high efficiency observed in reinforcing the boundary between two phases. The use of nanocelluloses as emulsifier and emulsion stabilizer is first discussed, and the structural properties of nanocelluloses such as aspect ratio and surface properties are correlated with the high efficiency in forming colloidally-stable multiphase systems. Then, the behavior at the air/water interface is presented and the most recent advances are reviewed with focus on the surface free energy of nanocelluloses and their role in the interfacial self-assembly process. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.