期刊
ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY
卷 103, 期 4, 页码 1340-1349出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.12.011
关键词
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资金
- Thoracic Surgery Foundation for Research and Education STS Research Grant [7/20167/2018]
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
- University of Pittsburgh
- National Institutes of Health [CA181450]
- Doris Duke Foundation for the Academy for Clinical Research
Checkpoint inhibitors (eg, programmed cell death protein 1 [PD-1], programmed cell death ligand 1 [PD-L1], cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 [CTLA-4] antibodies) are changing how we understand cancer and provide a means to develop modern immunotherapies. An emergent notion relates success with checkpoint inhibitors with high mutational load tumors. There are few studies that examine checkpoint protein expression and relate these to clinical outcomes after the conventional treatment of patients with esophageal cancer, which has a high mutational load. The objective of this review is to summarize the literature that examines checkpoint expression and clinical outcomes, as well as propose an accelerated approach to introducing these therapies into the clinic to treat patients with esophageal cancer. (C) 2017 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
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