期刊
CELL REPORTS
卷 21, 期 13, 页码 3754-3766出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.106
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资金
- Repository Core for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital
- IDDRC [NIH P30HD018655]
- NIGMS [T32GM007753]
- NRSA [5T32 GM007226-39]
- Stuart H.Q. & Victoria Quan Fellowship at Harvard Medical School
- Leonard and Isabelle Goldenson Research Fellowship
- NINDS [R01NS035129, NS083823, R01NS083823, R01NS038992, K23NS069784, R01NS079277, R01 NS035129]
- European Commission [602391-2]
- Davies/Crandall Endowed Chair for Epilepsy Research at UCLA
- European Union FP7 Health Program [602531]
- Boston Children's Hospital Translational Research Program
- NIMH [U01MH106883]
- Allen Discovery Center program through Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and hemimegalencephaly (HME) are epileptogenic neurodevelopmental malformations caused by mutations in mTOR pathway genes. Deep sequencing of these genes in FCD/HME brain tissue identified an etiology in 27 of 66 cases (41%). Radiographically indistinguishable lesions are caused by somatic activating mutations in AKT3, MTOR, and PIK3CA and germline loss-of-function mutations in DEPDC5, NPRL2, and TSC1/2, including TSC2 mutations in isolated HME demonstrating a two-hit'' model. Mutations in the same gene cause a disease continuum from FCD to HME to bilateral brain overgrowth, reflecting the progenitor cell and developmental time when the mutation occurred. Single-cell sequencing demonstrated mTOR activation in neurons in all lesions. Conditional Pik3ca activation in the mouse cortex showed that mTOR activation in excitatory neurons and glia, but not interneurons, is sufficient for abnormal cortical overgrowth. These data suggest that mTOR activation in dorsal telencephalic progenitors, in some cases specifically the excitatory neuron lineage, causes cortical dysplasia.
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