期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
卷 55, 期 6, 页码 2117-2127出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1026-7
关键词
Dietary protein; Children; Body fat; Blood pressure; Insulin; Epidemiology
资金
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam
- Erasmus University, Rotterdam
- Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMW) [016.136.361]
- Nestle Nutrition (Nestec Ltd.)
- Metagenics Inc.
- AXA
High protein intake in infancy has been linked to obesity. We aimed to examine the associations of protein intake in early childhood with cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes at school age. This study was performed in 2965 children participating in a population-based prospective cohort study. Protein intake at 1 year was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire and was adjusted for energy intake. At the children's age of 6 years, we measured their body fat percentage (BF%), blood pressure (BP), and insulin, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride serum levels. These measures were incorporated into a cardiometabolic risk factor score, using age- and sex-specific SD scores. In covariate-adjusted models, higher protein intake was associated with a higher BF%, lower diastolic BP, and lower triglyceride levels. We observed a significant interaction of protein intake with child sex on metabolic outcomes. Stratified analyses showed that protein intake was positively associated with BF% [0.07 SD (95 % CI 0.02; 0.13) per 10 g/day] and insulin levels in girls, but not in boys. In boys, but not in girls, higher protein intake was associated with lower triglyceride levels [-0.12 SD (95 % CI -0.20; -0.04) per 10 g/day] and a lower cardiometabolic risk factor score. Protein intake was not consistently associated with systolic BP or HDL cholesterol levels. Protein intake in early childhood was associated with a higher BF% and higher insulin levels at 6 years in girls and with lower triglyceride levels in boys. Further studies are needed to explore these sex differences and to investigate whether the observed changes persist into adulthood.
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