Bacterial inactivation and degradation of organic molecules by titanium dioxide supported on porous stainless steel photocatalytic membranes

A novel integrated photocatalysis/microfiltration hybrid system based on the use of TiO2 immobilized by filtration on porous stainless steel supports has been demonstrated to provide a good efficiency in the removal of bacteria for water disinfection applications. A synergistic effect derived of the physical removal of microorganisms coupled to its photocatalytic inactivation was proved to be achieved. The membrane pore size and the TiO2 loading were found to play a significant role on the efficiency of the process and the value of the transmembrane pressure. An optimal value of 8.5 g-m(-2) TiO2 supported over the membranes provides good photocatalytic activity keeping the transmembrane pressures in the range of 1.5-2 bar. Moreover the photocatalytic activity of the membrane was proved to have as an additional advantage the possibility of the simultaneous oxidation of the chemical pollutants present in the feed water. Continuous operation of the photocatalytic membrane reactor in dead-end configuration confirms the accumulation of bacteria on the membrane leading to an increase in the transmembrane pressure, whereas the photocatalytic functionality demonstrated a significant inactivation of the retained cells, confirming the feasibility of the hybrid process for biofouling control. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.